Satellite Navigation System

From 1980’s onward many develop countries were thinking to get a technique which help to find a exact location in any part of the world.This technique was bring revolution in the world of defense,because everyone know that  if this plan actualize than it was become easy to get the exact location of enemy countries important defense department and crucial research laboratories.Not only that this technique also help to guide the weapons in war field also helpful for ICBM(Intercontinental Ballistic  Missile)path finding.This technique is also helpful for civil purpose,but my blog based on world of defense so we discuss on that area.

This space based satellite navigation technique have posses with USA and Russia,European Union ,China and India also working in this field.

Global Position System:

USA based satellite navigation technique has known as GPS(global positioning system)In 1974 US start this project and in 1998 ,the US GPS system actualize.US congress give permission for new efficient GPS 3 location finders in 2000.US have 24 satellite to get the exact location in any part of the world.GPS service is free to use in any part of the world ,but it has limited uses as per US norms.If any enemy country use this technique than US defense department get there exact location for them.Theoretically its accuracy is 14 nano seconds but actually it is 100 nano seconds.Now a days all the US weapon-logy and military hardware based on the GPS signal.

Glonass:

This is Russian satellite navigation system.This project was started in the year of 1974 during USSR  regime.This project hit badly due to collapse of USSR.In the presidency of Bladimir putin this project have started on priority basis and fund arises.In 2010 this project was started with 24 satellite and gave coverage to Russia and rest of the world.Now this become the alternate  of GPS.Glonass was developed to give accuracy of 65m but in reality it give accuracy in 20m in civil and 10m in military uses.Russian navigation system uses 24 satellite and five in reserve.

Galileo:

This is the name of the European Gps system ,built by European Union countries .The total cost of the project is 5billion Euro.

Galileo was providing better accuracy with increase in height compare to other satellite positioning system. Galileo accuracy rate is one meter. This service is free to use for certain limit.

Galileo is mainly concentrate on communication and civil use it is not based on US GPS and other countries like Russia, China or India.US can weak the signal or not allowed in some conflict situation, this service is only available to US allies and friendly countries. European Union rejects the Chinese and Indian investment in this project only in one ground that they ask this service use of their defense use.


Beidou Navigation Satellite System(Beidou)and Compass:

The Chinese limited range satellite navigation system known as Beidou.It gives coverage of China, China Sea south East Asian countries. Chinese global satellite navigation system is also in line, which gives coverage to whole world, but this will be in development mode. As China want to establish himself as a global power, so he don’t want to depend on other countries navigation system. Free for civilian uses but the accuracy level for civilian purpose is 10m and for the military uses its accuracy is 10 cm.The military uses only allowed to People liberation Army and Pakistan Army.



Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System:




Indian satellite navigation system is also known as Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System. Indian Space research Organization develops IRNSS. India already uses US based GPS and Russian Glonass , but India want to avoid the condition like 1962 and 1971 when the Global Power help China and Pakistan .Indian satellite navigation system is based on civil as well as military purpose. The main reason to develop this system to avoid the dependence on US and Russian navigation .As India want to be a super power, and this is the right step on this path. IRNSS helps India to become a regional power, but India still behind other develop countries in global satellite navigation.  I believe that India in coming years will start the global satellite navigation system.

Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft

Fifth Generation aircraft is most advance aircraft compare to the 4^th and 4.5^th generation .The fifth generation aircraft have lower visible in radar ,advance aerodynamic structure ,long range ,good fighting capability in air to air to surface and air to ship. I am not the technical or aerodynamic engineer  but have good knowledge in defense and my following article based on the research and information .I am belongs from India but my article based on the facts ,not to support any specific country.

PAK T50 FA :

This is the most advance fighter plane of fifth generation, jointly developed by Russia and India. As per the technical expert comment this aircraft used the most advance technique to become stealth. The design is also made based on aerodynamic and stealth. Former USSR during 1980’s instruct there engineers to develop a new plan to replace the sukhoi27 and mig29.After the dissolve of USSR, financial crises of new Russian federation,hit this plan so Russia give proposal to China to join this project, but China denied this proposal due to his own fifth generation aircraft J20.Lator on India join this project on 2007,and both the country invest 6 billion us dollar for the research and development. Twin engine plan first  test flight made in the year of 2010.It is believe that first lot issued to Russian Air Force in 2015-16.There is only three aircraft come in fifth generation category, one F22 raptor ,F35 lighting and Chengdu J20.but when we compare with these three ,T50 always get a bonus point.F22 was come into service in 2005,but unable to fulfill the standard of fifth generation aircraft so continue research doing to improve its capability and to match the standard of fifth generation aircraft.US Air force already inform the Lockheed martin that F22 unable to fulfill all the parameter.F35 Lighting was already informed in media that comparatively low category compare to F22 and the other investing countries like UK,Australia,Netharland,Norway,Italy,Isreal  are interested to get F22 .

Chengdu J20, is nothing but a copy of F117, and it is well known fact that Chinese develop anything based on reverse engineering.

As there is little information about T50 but some rumor in the defense world that it has plasma stealth. Plasma stealth is a advance technology, in which ionized gases to create layers around the aircraft to reduce the visibility in radar.

Maximum weapon load capacity is 7500kg.It can load air to air, air to surface and air to ship missile. The T50 designer plan to add Brhamos missile in this aircraft.Brahmos is the supersonic cruise missile jointly developed by India and Russia.

General characteristics

Crew: 1

Length: 19.8 m (65.9 ft)

Wingspan: 14 m (46.6 ft)

Height: 6.05 m (19.8 ft)

Wing area: 78.8 m2 (848.1 ft2)

Empty weight: 18,500 kg (40,785 lb)

Loaded weight: 29,772 kg (65,636 lb)

Useful load: 7,500 kg (combat load) (16,534 lb)

Max. takeoff weight: 37,000 kg (81,570 lb)

Powerplant: 2 × AL-41F1 for prototypes turbofan, 147 kN (33,047 lb) for prototypes; over 175 kN (39,340 lbf) for definitive engine version each

Fuel capability: 10,300 kg (22,711 lb)

Performance

Maximum speed: Mach 2+, 2,100-2,600 km/h (1,300-1,560 mph) ; at 17,000 m (55774.3 ft) altitude

Cruise speed: 1,300-1,800 km/h (808-1,118 mph)

Ferry range: 5,500 km(3,417 mi)

Service ceiling: 20,000 m (65,000 ft)

Rate of climb: 350 m/s (68,900 ft/min)

Wing loading: 330-470 kg/m2 (67-96 lb/ft2)

Thrust/weight: 1.01 (1.20 for new engines)

Maximum g-load: 9+ g

Armament

Guns: None on prototype. Apparent provision for a cannon (most likely GSh-301). Possible two 30 mm cannon.

Hardpoints: 10 internal hardpoints and up to 6 external hardpoints: two internal bays running longitudinally on the fuselage supporting 6 R-27/R-77 AAMs (3 each) or 4 R-33/R-37 AAMs (2 each), plus 2 small internal wing bays for 2 R-73 AAMs and up to six external hardpoints. Including the advanced X-38 air to surface missile.

F22 Raptor:

American also want to compete USSR in fifth generation section of aircraft, because it is well known fact that Mig29 and sukhoi 27 was already technically more advance that the US 4 th generation so, they don’t want to become loser again. The American start their fifth generation aircraft project  also on 1981 after getting secret information from CIA ,about USSR project. This  aircraft introduce in 2005 in service .The main cause  why it not comparatively advance than t50 is, unable to maritime strike as like T50.Cost of F22 raptor is more than the T50.After introducing this in USAF ,this plan met with many accident due to low supply of oxygen in cockpit and some breathing problem.USAF after these incidence grounded all the aircraft .Lockheed martin added additional oxygen supplier equipment in cockpit in 2012.I am not the test pilot nor a aeronautical engineer but have good knowledge about defence,my  remark is that F22 is nothing but a 4.5 generation category aircraft like Sukhoi -30,not the fifth generation.

Lockheed martin well know the fact that F22 never able to beat T50 in any field.F22 comparatively advance than F35 and J20.

General characteristics

Crew: 1

Length: 62 ft 1 in (18.90 m)

Wingspan: 44 ft 6 in (13.56 m)

Height: 16 ft 8 in (5.08 m)

Wing area: 840 ft² (78.04 m²)

Airfoil: NACA 64A?05.92 root, NACA 64A?04.29 tip

Empty weight: 43,340 lb (19,700 kg)

Loaded weight: 64,460 lb (29,300 kg)

Max. takeoff weight: 83,500 lb (38,000 kg)

Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 Pitch Thrust vectoring turbofans

Dry thrust: 23,500 lb[315] (104 kN) each

Thrust with afterburner: 35,000+ lb(156+ kN) each

Fuel capacity: 18,000 lb (8,200 kg) internally,[6][312] or 26,000 lb (11,900 kg) with two external fuel tanks.About 3,050 gal or 20,333 lb JP-8 (without additions) internally.

Performance

Maximum speed:

At altitude: Mach 2.25 (1,500 mph, 2,410 km/h) [estimated]

Supercruise: Mach 1.82 (1,220 mph, 1,963 km/h)

Range: >1,600 nmi (1,840 mi, 2,960 km) with 2 external fuel tanks

Combat radius: 410 nmi (with 100 nmi in supercruise)(471 mi, 759 km)

Ferry range: 2,000 mi (1,738 nmi, 3,219 km)

Service ceiling: 65,000 ft (currently restricted to 44,000 ft, sans vests)(19,812 m)

Rate of climb: 40,000+ ft/min[citation needed] (200 m/s)

Wing loading: 77 lb/ft² (375 kg/m²)

Thrust/weight: 1.09 (1.26 with loaded weight & 50% fuel)

Maximum design g-load: -3.0/+9.0 g

USAF poster overview of key features and armament

Armament

Guns: 1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M61A2 Vulcan 6-barreled gatling cannon in starboard wing root, 480 rounds

Air to air loadout:

6× AIM-120 AMRAAM

2× AIM-9 Sidewinder

Air to ground loadout:

2× AIM-120 AMRAAM and

2× AIM-9 Sidewinder for self-protection, and one of the following:

2× 1,000 lb (450 kg) JDAM or

8× 250 lb (110 kg) GBU-39 Small Diameter Bombs

Hardpoints: 4× under-wing pylon stations can be fitted to carry 600 U.S. gallon drop tanks or weapons, each with a capacity of 5,000 lb (2,268 kg).

  F35 Lighting:

F35 lighting is jointly developed by US ,UK,Italy ,Germany,Australia,Norway,Japan .This aircraft is in development stage but many critics believe that F35 is lower category compare to F22 raptor. AND corporation (research AND Development) of US made a simulated war game in 2008, in which Sukhoi 35 beat F35,now you can judge that if a 4th generation aircraft able to beat the fifth generation aircraft than why you can waste your money in there development.USAF clearly informed to the Lockheed martin that F35 was not up to the mark.F35 only superior than Chengdu J20.

General characteristics

Crew: 1

Length: 51.4 ft (15.67 m)

Wingspan: 35 ft (10.7 m)

Height: 14.2 ft (4.33 m)

Wing area: 460 ft² (42.7 m²)

Empty weight: 29,300 lb (13,300 kg)

Loaded weight: 49,540 lb (22,470 kg)

Max. takeoff weight: 70,000 lb (31,800 kg)

Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney F135 afterburning turbofan

Dry thrust: 28,000 lbf (125 kN)

Thrust with afterburner: 43,000 lbf (191 kN)

Internal fuel capacity: 18,480 lb (8,382 kg)

Performance

Maximum speed: Mach 1.6+[244] (1,200 mph, 1,930 km/h) (tested to Mach 1.61)

Range: 1,200 nmi (2,220 km) on internal fuel

Combat radius: 584 nmi (1,080 km) on internal fuel

Service ceiling: 60,000 ft (18,288 m) (tested to 43,000 ft)

Rate of climb: classified (not publicly available)

Wing loading: 107.7 lb/ft² (526 kg/m²; 745 kg/m² max loaded)

Thrust/weight:

With full fuel: 0.87

With 50% fuel: 1.07

Max g-limits: 9 g

Armament

Guns: 1 × General Dynamics GAU-22/A Equalizer 25 mm (0.984 in) 4-barreled gatling cannon, internally mounted with 180 rounds

Hardpoints: 6 × external pylons on wings with a capacity of 15,000 lb (6,800 kg)and two internal bays with two pylons each for a total weapons payload of 18,000 lb (8,100 kg) and provisions to carry combinations of:

Missiles:

Air-to-air missiles:

AIM-120 AMRAAM

AIM-9X Sidewinder

IRIS-T

MBDA Meteor (pending further funding)

Air-to-surface missiles:

AGM-88 AARGM

AGM-158 JASSM

Brimstone missile / MBDA SPEAR

Joint Air-to-Ground Missile

Storm Shadow missile

SOM

Anti-ship missiles:

JSM

LRASM

Chengdu J20:

It is well known fact that Chinese always copy any advance  technology and they develop based on reverse engineering. Chinese start the J20 project in 2002 and belive that this come into existence in 2017.Expert believe that J20 is using the F117 stealth technology ,which short down in Serbia in 1999.Some defense expert believe that J20 is the product of  cyber-espionage of the Lockheed Martin FB-22 and F-35 projects. Most of the European and Russia try to avoid the technology transfer of export of any new defense equipment to China due to the copy the same by Chinese engineers.

If this is true than J20 never be a fifth generation aircraft ,it is a 4 th or 4.5 generation aircraft.

General characteristics

Crew: one (pilot)

Length: 20.3 m (66 ft 7 in)

Wingspan: 12.88 m (42 ft 3 in)

Height: 4.45 m (14 ft 7 in)

Wing area: 73 m2 (790 sq ft)

Empty weight: 17,000 kg (37,479 lb)

Max takeoff weight: 36,287 kg (80,000 lb) upper estimate

Powerplant: 2 × WS-10G (prototype); WS-15 in production J-20 afterburning turbofans dry, 180 kN (40,000 lbf) with afterburner

Range: 4,000 km (2,485 mi; 2,160 nmi)

Combat range: 2,000 km (1,243 mi; 1,080 nmi)

Service ceiling: 20,000 m (65,617 ft)

Armament

None on prototype

Production aircraft will be equipped with PL-21 LRAAM, PL-12D MRAAM, PL-10 SRAAM, LS-6 Precision Glide Bomb, 30mm cannon, up to four rocket launchers, two IR decoy launchers, air-to-surface missiles and smart bombs.

World of Inteligence

Intelligence service becomes one of the integral parts of every country. Every country want to know there enemy as well as their friends foreign as well as internal policy .Secret service agent lived with us, but its very hard to recognize them as they are create their falls identity. Street beggar, priest common man, businessmen, teacher, guide, money lender, contract killer, its very hard to identify their existence, because they are master in their work. In India this is start during the moray dynasty and before that. The greatest philosopher chanakya told that Intelligence was the ear and eye of the king. In the modern century German ,British had well intelligence services. Intelligence agency not only monitors the enemy activity but also take part in sabotage as well as illegal drug trafficking and contract killing. But I start this topic after Second World War and demolition of Germany in two parts. East Germany came under the rule of USSR and the stasi was built in 1950 under the close support of KGB (USSR Indigence).It was kgb which was play the crucial role in Vietnam. Due to the full support of KGB a small country able to defeat the superpower. It was KGB due to which a new country Bangladesh was created with Indian RAW support.Stasi was the highest number s of workers and had the most dangerous investigation till the unification of germany.Stasi used the most advance surveillance system to monitor anyone’s activity.

 Stasi Muesum in Berlin

 Stasi can use a simple sink basin for survelliance

 BND (German Secret service) head quarter

BND Logo

BND is the successive of German eastern military intelligence agency and one of the most respected intelligence agency .There offices are in munich,berlin and pullach.There main work as a early warring in the interest of Germany.
KGB: This was the most dangerous and efficient intelligence agency of USSR.KGB had the penetration of all govt. level of USA and the well efficient killer.

compact briefcase ak47 gun used by kgb agent during undercover operation

It’s KGB, who got the blue print of nuclear bomb from westerns countries and develop the communist nuclear bomb within the first explosion of nuclear bomb. USSR had got all the new advance technique through their agents and through reverse engineering built that in USSR.

single shot pipe gun used in kgb operation

single shot lipstick gun used by kgb agent

compact glove gun used by KGB agent

Electronic surveillance shoe used by KGB

It was believe that KGB was behind the murder plan of Kennedy (president of USA).

KGB Head Quarter

Briefcase uzi gun used by undercover agent of Mossad

UZI mini with silencer used in undercover operation by mossad agents

KGB had mole in CIA(Aldrich Hazen Ames ) till 1994,and had full information about  American ship, planes and every agents in different parts of the world, if in this time any war happened between US and USSR than definitely USSR had upperhand.The KGB was well efficient murderer and well known how to poison and politician or diplomats.

KGB was getting the nine out of 10.

Mossad: Mossad is the Israel’s intelligence service and I believe in the recent time this is a most efficient and dangerous intelligence agency.Isreal is surrounded by the enemy countries of Isreal, but the active intelligence network help to protect external insurgence and also help to defeat the enemy in all previous wars. Mossad has capable to kill anyone in any part of the world. Mossad killed many Iranian nuclear scientists in Iran and different part of the world. The counter intelligence team is so quick response that no one dares to challenge Israel. Mossad has active presence in Middle East, south East Asia, European and American continent.

Drone used by CIA in different surveillance operation

CIA developed new insects surveillance system

Central Intelligence Agency: One of the oldest intelligence agency of world.CIA had a good history in past and present but always comparatively week compare to KGB or stasi but the main reason is that CIA belongs from a democratic country and after the reform CIA many operation come into the focus of US parliament.CIA had bribe many govt in past also present to follow the US policy and to become US friendly country .CIA create many disturbance in south American countries to stop the expansion of USSR influence in the south American countries. It was the CIA ,which find out the presence of nuclear missile in Cuba during 70’s.The main reason for USSR defeat in Afghanistan was CIA and ISI support to the mujahidin worriers of Afganistan.CIA and ISI establish training camps in border area of Pakistan and also provide stringer missile to give tuff fight against red army.

 

Foreign Security Service (FSS) of Russia is the successive of KGB and have good counter intelligence wing.FSS was the same effective as KGB.

Inter Service Inteligence: This pak intelligence service establish in 1947 and one of the best intelligence agency.ISI created on the basis of CIA. The main success of ISI was defeat of USSR in Afghanistan war, able to protect Daud Ibrahim ,who was the most wanted in India and second most wanted in US ,but both RAW and CIA unable to do anything just because of ISI support to Daud.

All people in intelligence world think that Osama’s  murder was the failure of ISI ,but I think that it was ISI ,able to protect  from the super powers of world like, US ,UK,Canada,Germany etc.which is not a joke.

Mig 25 used to air surveillance get retired after satellite develop of surveillance 

Research and Analysis Wing: Raw also a well known name in the intelligence world .RAW is the Indian intelligence agency and was a good past history like creation of Bangladesh, support of northern alliance and killing and capturing many wanted terrorist from Nepal and near about countries .Raw has now lost his glory because ,after the remove of counter intelligence wing by IK Gujral the activeness really reduce .Now the Raw higher third party or used KHAD  (Afghan Indigence) to do anything, which is a serious step because this will reduce the secrecy .RAW had full information about Ravinder singh ,that he worked for CIA ,but unable to catch him ,in their own country, now you can understand ,if a intelligence agency unable to protect country’s interest in India than what the agency do in rest of the world.RAW has full information about the Indian most wanted Daud but unable to do anything in front of ISI.

I am not going to give ranking any of these agencies ,as because they are well in their own field and every countries has their own preference and interest. I can say only Mossad is the best in the current scenario.

Now I can discuss some crucial event of world which brings your  attention;

Let’s start with attack on World Trade Centre:

 This 2001 attack was presented by the US media that this was the activity of Osama bin laden.I am not deny but I have some doubts about that.

USA a superpower any conspiracy like this unable to fruitful without the support of any intelligence agency, now the question which one?

Every act done by a motive, so first start with CIA,this was the fact that USA after this incidence give many power to CIA and also attack countries like Iraq and Afganistan,which unable to do without the clearance from parliament.(I have little doubt in this )

Chinese involvement: China has growing but still behind the USA and so, he support terrorist to do this which brings USA focus of internal security and not able to create any competition in the business world. This same policy applied by CIA in 1990, which become the cause of dissolve of USSR .

Russian Involvement: After 1990, Russia always want to take revenge of Afghan war from USA and Pak, so this incidence definitely the golden chance to teach a lesson to the US.

RAW Involvement: All world known that Pak is a US ally, so RAW create this conspiracy to side line PAK.

(I am not believed in this, because as I say earlier, RAW is not strong as past history.

ISI Involment : ISI always worked for sake of Islam and want to distract the Bush govt. to make any agreement from Indian.

Mossad Involvement: Mossad always worked for the Israel, this work help to create mass scale hate in American for Arab and Muslim countries.

26/11 of Mumbai Terrorist Attack:

Mumbai attack pic
World known this was a terrorist attack, but I have some doubt with pattern ,I have smell about some  intelligence involvement.

Triden hotel in mumbai

Nariman point mumbai
ISI: ISI always worked against India and also want to teach the western countries regarding Indian support. The devices and full information about Indian cost and maritime available only with and secret service and ISI also done such incidence before. As  an Indian I can trust on this logic but if I think from other end rest of the world already known that pak is nurresary of terrorism and ,ISI never dare to attack those place where western world citizen live or where the yahudi community live, because Pakistan never directly involve with war with Isreal.

China: Intelligence agency many time involve in many sabotage and dirty work for the well being of their country and to hamper the image of unfriendly country or to create uncertain market fluctuation to avoid FDI. India is the big competitor of China in FDI.

Iran: Mossad done much undercover operation to kill Iranian nuclear scientist and Iran unable to do anything Isreal due to good security system within Isreal and in the third world country the largest number of yahudi people lived in India. There are possibilities that Iran was behind this incidences because in this attack many yahudi people also lost their live.

CIA: India is the member of Non alling movement, so there is possibility that CIA make this plan to bring India in his group, which helps US to create power balance against China.

Russia have also there interest. I am not belongs from any secret service but yes some incidence, really creates doubts. It is well known facts that actually terrorism was nothing just a intelligence creation to secure their homeland interest. Like CIA and ISI create mujahidin’s against USSR, which know converted into Lasker-E-Taiaba and Taliban.

Raw creates muktibahini ,and tamil tigers which later converted in LTTE.ISI create khalistan and kashmiri mujahidin also full support Bangladeshi extremist group. Chinese Foreign Intelligence support ULFA and BODOS extremist group.So,these ring bell in mind in today’s any terrorist activities, that this might be an intelligence support.